Objectives

This project builds upon the foundational Andreas Gas Exchange Spray model (AGES) developed through NSF project #1630846 for non-reactive gases by expanding its parameterizations to:

O1) Include gas exchange of carbon dioxide (CO₂) through sea spray.

O2) Incorporate the entire carbonate system (carbonate and bicarbonate) associated with CO₂ including alkalinity and pH profiles across sea spray drop evolution.

The project also seeks to build upon results of NSF projects #1924686 and #2121646 to:

O3) Incorporate a physics-based sea spray model into the surface wave-breaking model efforts.

O4) Combine the CO₂ gas exchange component of the AGES model from O1 and O2 to the dynamic modeling framework in O3 to provide a tool for evaluating gas exchange in the Southern Ocean.